Erebus Volcano in Antarctica

Erebus Volcano

Mount Erebus is the second highest volcano in Antarctica (after Mount Sidley), and the mountain-top ultra-6 on an island.  With a summit elevation of 3794 meters (12 448 feet), located on Ross Island, which is also home to three active volcanoes, notably Mount Terror. Mount Erebus is the party of the Pacific Ring of Fire, that cover more than 160 active volcanoes. These volcanoes have been observed to continue to be active since 1972 and is the web page of the Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory run by the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology.


Discovery and Naming
Mount Erebus was found on the date of January 27, 1841 (and was observed in the eruption) with polar explorer Sir James Clark Ross who named it after his ship Mount Erebus, Erebus and Terror (which is also used by Sir John Franklin in his North Pole expedition disasters) . Erebus is the ancient Greek god of darkness, the son of Chaos.


Climbing


Mount Erebus has begun to climb (rim) by members of Sir Ernest Shackleton's party in 1908. First known solo winter ascent and the first advance has been achieved by British mountain Roger Mear in March 1985, members Robert Swan "In Traces of Scott" expedition. [6] On January 19 to 20, 1991, Charles J. Blackmer,, iron-workers for many years at McMurdo Station and South Pole, solo ascent control in approximately 17 hours through via snow mobile.

Robotic Exploration

In 1992 parts of a volcano and then explored by my Dante, an eight-legged robot bound settlers. Dante is designed to obtain samples of gas from magma in the crater lake in the Mount Erebus for a better understanding of chemistry through the use of gas chromatography on-board and measure the temperature inside the volcano and the radioactivity present in the volcanic material is. Dante successfully upgraded before they appear largely crater technical difficulties with fiber optic cable used for communication between the walker and the base station. Unfortunately, Dante I have not reached the crater base and thus the mission was canceled without any important data recorded volcano. However, the expedition proved very successful in the case of robot and computer science, and probably the first expedition to Antarctica by the robot platform.

Geology and Vulcanology


Mount Erebus is now the most active volcano in Antarctica and is the time of the eruption zone Erebus hotspot. The summit contains a continuous whirl phonolitic lava lake, one of five long-lasting lava lakes on Earth. Strombolian eruptions eruptive activity features of the lava lake or one of several subsidiaries hole, all lying in a crater in the volcano. of the volcano is scientifically remarkable in a relatively low-level and sustained extraordinary explosion of activity that allows long-term research volcanological system of strombolian eruptions are very close (hundreds of meters) in the active hole, features, together with only a few planetarily volcanos, such as Stromboli in Italy. But also facilitates the volcano closest to McMurdo Station (U.S.) and Scott Base (NZ), both built on Ross Island is approximately 35 kilometers away.

Gunung Erebus is classified as a polygenetic stratovolcano. Bottom half of the shield volcano and a half on stratocone (Mount Etna like it too). Composition of the product when the eruption of Erebus anorthoclase phonolite and phonolite tephritic porphyric, which is most of the exposed volcanic lava flows. The oldest eruption products consist of a rather different and non-sticky basanite lava that forms a low, broad platform shield Erebus. Basanite a little young and lava plants phonotephrite on Fang Ridge - the rest of the eroded an early Erebus volcano - and in other remote locations in the ribs Erebus.

lava flows of more viscous phonotephrite and trachyte are erupted after the basanite.
Upper slopes of Mount Erebus is controlled by a steep dip (~ 30 °) tephritic phonolite lava flow with large-scale flow tetambak. A fracture is easily seen in the slope at about 3200 meters to call attention to the summit plateau representing a caldera that was less than one hundred thousand. The summit caldera itself is filled with small amounts tephritic phonolite and phonolite lava flows that. In the middle of the summit caldera is a small, steep con composed mainly of lava bombs were destroyed and a large deposit of anorthoclase crystals known as Erebus crystals. He is in the context of this summit that the active lava lake continuously degasses.

Researches for more than three months during the 2007-08 season to install a variety of fields around Mount Erebus seismometers to listen to the waves of energy produced by small, controlled explosion of explosives, they were buried ribs together and perimeter. Seismometers measure and record the size and power of underground energy, or seismic waves. By studying seismic refraction and reflected waves, scientists are trying to map the volcanic countryside, as part of the CT scan image objects using X-rays, in-depth understanding of the "pipe" and how magma rising to the lava lake.

Air Disaster
Main article: Flight 901 Air New Zealand
Air New ZealandAir service 901 is a walk that is scheduled from Auckland Airport in New Zealand Antarctica and return with a scheduled stop at Christchurch Airport to fill the oil before returning to Auckland. Air New Zealand service bridge, around Antarctica for the purpose of aircraft operated by McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30, and began in February 1977. The flight slammed into Mount Erebus in sector whiteout conditions on November 28, 1979, killing all 257 people aboard. Air New Zealand has suspended the service after the accident itu.Semasa Antarctic summer, melting snow on the side of Mount Erebus crash continues to carry debris from the surface of the snow, it is clearly seen from the air.